News in 2021
An important short paper, “How Did Earth Receive Its Water?” was released in June. Learn the incredible, sudden means of delivery of water from the Outer Solar System. This storyline breaks the paradigm of Earth’s water coming from impacting comets and asteroids. Even if certain carbonaceous asteroids have projections of 20% water by weight, there is no reason for them to move inward from their stable long-lasting orbits beyond Mars.
An oceanographer graciously reviewed my paper about the great global flood that occurred 11,500 years ago. His major criticism was the missing evidence of the flood in the record of deep seabed cores. I responded with the release of a short paper, “Historical Record of the Sea-Level Fluctuations for the Past 20,000 Years”. My chief proposed reason for the missing record is that the flood rose and receded too quickly from a continuing baseline to be detected. I used as my proxy for evidence the data from the Younger Dryas geological period. Enjoy reading this article for the contest of thinking.
New papers have been released to the website in April 2021. A new look at Earth’s evolutionary history is given in “The Enigma of Earth’s Mega-Continents: and Their Connections to the Evolution of Life.” The geological mysteries of continental drift, granitic continental crusts, the “Granite Problem,” and the Great Unconformity are explained and possibly resolved.
A Paradigm of NASA’s Giant Impact Is Constantly Shifting and Confusing: Initially after abandoning the leading theories of how the Moon was formed: capture, co-formation, or fission, NASA adopted the Giant Impact Hypothesis in the mid-1970s hopefully corroborating the Apollo program data. A moon-sized body struck the Earth obliquely and the vaporized ejecta formed a ring that coalesced into the Moon. In the early 2000s, the 5-hour day on Earth resulting from this collision was resolved by Earth’s transferring its angular momentum to the Moon which was forced outward to slow the Earth day to 24 hours.
However, the “isotopic crisis” where lunar samples show almost identical isotopes of those found on Earth contradicted the idea of the involvement of two independent celestial bodies. A quick fix was utilized called the “equilibration model” which predicted that the vaporized portions became thoroughly mixed. This model of mixing unrealistically takes too long before the debris disk forms around the Earth.
Then another idea was hatched, a major paradigm shift, where the impactor hit the Earth head-on vaporizing both mantles that escaped some beyond the Roche Limit forming the Moon and material below the limit falling back to Earth. The iron core of the impactor joined Earth’s inner core. By desperately reaching for straws from 2004 to 2021, other serious issues arose. Where did the present Moon obtain its core, although believed to be small? Why didn’t any of the previous differentiation of volatiles on Earth such as water, ammonia, and carbon dioxide boil away? Where did Earth’s water come from? And if there was no oblique impact, how is the Earth/Moon system’s anomalously high angular momentum explained? How can the Earth’s spin axis, the Moon’s orbital plane, and the ecliptic plane, although understandably not equal, be in close enough alignment?
If your interest has been piqued, please review the recently posted small paper “Manipulation of the Giant Impact Hypothesis Still Fails to Explain the Earth/Moon System.”
There are so many anomalies with the Moon and its orbit that many have speculated that it is artificial and that it was brought to the Earth’s orbit within historical times. There is apparently written history in which the Moon previously did not exist. The mass of the Moon is anomalous, as is the particular oribital distance from the Earth. Many have speculated how it is even possible that the Moon occupies the exact same portion of the ecliptic of aproximately 0.5 degrees which allows Solar eclipses to occur in which viewers on Earth have the entire Solar disk blocked “perfectly” so that only the corona of the Sun can be observed. Many scientists have commented that the odds of this occuring naturally are astronomical.
Additionally, the impact craters on the Moon are all relatively shallow and considering their diameters, should be much deeper than they actually are. This has led to speculation that the Moon is again, artificial and that it may be a shell with a shallow covering of what was originally within it and was deposited on the exterior from mining the interior. I can’t remember the specifics, but the Moon’s rocks are anomalous as well. Too much doesn’t add up about our nearest neighbor, so theories about how it might have been formed from the Earth or by some collision with it seem unlikely.
Hello Edgar,
You were discussing the shallow craters on the Moon. My theory is that when Earth was displaced Sunward from its original orbit between Mars and Jupiter due to a collision with a smaller rogue planet. Earth created a new orbit close to the existing Moon’s orbit. The Sun’s gravity force was exceeded by the Earth’s resulting centripetal force. The Earth having a slightly faster orbit brought along collisional debris that either fell back to Earth to became swept by the Moon. The debris or asteroids was traveling with the Earth and assumed the same new orbital velocity as the Earth. The almost matching velocities of these asteroids with the Moon that included similar vectors caused very low velocity impacts. Henceforth, the majority of Moon’s craters are shallow. I estimate that timeline of these impacts as does NASA was 3.9 billion years ago which aligns with the Late Heavy Bombardment (LHB) period caused by Earth’s collision when it originally orbited between Mars and Jupiter.